Search results for " Behavioral Sciences"

The WHO-5 Well-Being Index – Validation based on item response theory and the analysis of measurement invariance across 35 countries.

2020

Abstract Background The five-item World Health Organization Well-Being Index (WHO-5) is a frequently used brief standard measure in large-scale cross-cultural clinical studies. Despite its frequent use, some psychometric questions remain that concern the choice of an adequate item response theory (IRT) model, the evaluation of reliability at important cutoff points, and most importantly the assessment of measurement invariance across countries. Methods Data from the 6th European Working Condition survey (2015) were used that collected nationally representative samples of employed and self-employed individuals (N = 43,469) via computer-aided personal interviews across 35 European countries. …

Diferencias de sexo en los efectos de los neurolépticos sobre la respuesta de escape-evitación en ratones

1996

Implicación del sistema dopaminérgico en el condicionamiento de la preferencia de lugar inducido por la morfina en ratones

2001

Aislamiento social y aprendizaje en ratones NMRI : efectos de la administración de nicotina

2005

Nuevas vías de depósito, nuevos proyectos: consolidación del repositorio institucional RODERIC

2017

El objetivo de este artículo es dar a conocer los nuevos proyectos del repositorio institucional de la Universitat de València, RODERIC, así como las nuevas vías de depósito de documentos de investigación. Para ello, se analizan las distintas actuaciones dentro del apartado de investigación del repositorio. En primer lugar, las centradas en el área de revistas editadas en la UV, los proyectos sobre digitalización de tesis retrospectivas y publicación de tesis corrientes, y finalmente la integración del sistema CRIS con el repositorio. Se acaba con la descripción de una serie de mejoras que se prevén están disponibles en la segunda mitad de 2013. The aim of this paper is to present new proje…

Flexible switching of feedback control mechanisms allows for learning of different task dynamics.

2013

To produce skilled movements, the brain flexibly adapts to different task requirements and movement contexts. Two core abilities underlie this flexibility. First, depending on the task, the motor system must rapidly switch the way it produces motor commands and how it corrects movements online, i.e. it switches between different (feedback) control policies. Second, it must also adapt to environmental changes for different tasks separately. Here we show these two abilities are related. In a bimanual movement task, we show that participants can switch on a movement-by-movement basis between two feedback control policies, depending only on a static visual cue. When this cue indicates that the …

Problematic video game use as an emotional coping strategy: Evidence from a sample of MMORPG gamers

2019

Background A positive relationship between problematic gaming and escapism motivation to play video games has been well established, suggesting that problematic gaming may result from attempts to deal with negative emotions. However, to date, no study has examined how emotion dysregulation affects both escapism motives and problematic gaming patterns. Methods Difficulties in emotion regulation, escapism, and problematic involvement with video games were assessed in a sample of 390 World of Warcraft players. A structural equation modeling framework was used to test the hypothesis that escapism mediates the relationship between emotion dysregulation and problematic gaming. Results Statistica…

Two systems of maintenance in verbal working memory: evidence from the word length effect.

2013

The extended time-based resource-sharing (TBRS) model suggested a working memory architecture in which an executive loop and a phonological loop could both support the maintenance of verbal information. The consequence of such a framework is that phonological effects known to impact the maintenance of verbal information, like the word length effect (WLE), should depend on the use of the phonological loop, but should disappear under the maintenance by the executive loop. In two previous studies, introducing concurrent articulation in complex span tasks barely affected WLE, contradicting the prediction from the TBRS model. The present study re-evaluated the WLE in a complex span task while co…

An integrated model of condom use in Sub-Saharan African youth: A meta-analysis.

2017

Objective: We tested an integrated social–cognitive model derived from multiple theories of the determinants of young people's condom use in Sub-Saharan Africa. The model comprised seven social–cognitive antecedents of condom use: Attitudes, norms, control, risk perceptions, barriers, intentions, and previous condom use. Method: We conducted a systematic search of studies including effects between at least one model construct and intended or actual condom use in young people from sub-Saharan African countries. Fifty-five studies comprising 72 independent data sets were included and subjected to random-effects meta-analysis. Demographic and methodological variables were coded as moderators. …

Yes, you can? A speaker’s potency to act upon his words orchestrates early neural responses to message-level meaning

2013

Evidence is accruing that, in comprehending language, the human brain rapidly integrates a wealth of information sources-including the reader or hearer's knowledge about the world and even his/her current mood. However, little is known to date about how language processing in the brain is affected by the hearer's knowledge about the speaker. Here, we investigated the impact of social attributions to the speaker by measuring event-related brain potentials while participants watched videos of three speakers uttering true or false statements pertaining to politics or general knowledge: a top political decision maker (the German Federal Minister of Finance at the time of the experiment), a well…